Spinning, twisting, and doubling machinery.



S. ZLVDB FERRANTI. SPINNING, TwIs'rING, AND DOUBLING MACHINERY.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 18. 1904. l 927,343. y i Patented July e, 1909. y BIBHEE'IBP-BHBET 1.

@Wa-fm a i S. Z. DE FERRANTI. SPINNING, TWISTING, AND DQUBLING MACHINERY. v rrmoulon rILBD AUG. 1a. 1904. 2 927,343, Patented July 6, 1909. a gHnE'rs-snnn'r z.

Vs. z. DE PBRRANTI." SPINNING, TWISTING, ANI) DOUBLING MACHINERY.

APPLIOATION FILED AUG. 1s. 1904.

Patented July 6, 1909.

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srINNINe, rwrsfrnve, .AND DOUBLING MacinnnmzfV1 Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 6, 1909.

Application led August 18, 1904. Serial No. 221,295.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known lthat I, SEBASTIAN ZiANi DI; FnnnAN'ri, a subject of the King of Great Britain and Ireland, and residing at Grindleford, in the county of Derby, England, (late of 31. Lyndhurst road, lilannistead, London, Nj W., Englaiiffh) have .invented certain new and useful Improvements in and lielatii r to Spinning, Twisting, and Doubling Machinery, of which the following is a specification.

The invention relates to textile machinery of the continuous spinning type as opposed to the mule type in which the spinning is intermittent. Hitherto suoli machines whether used for spinning, twisting, doubling or similar operations (hereinafter referred to gener- .ically as twisting) have been built so far as regards the operative action. of continuous twisting with either (a) all their twistiz'ig elements proper interconnected or with (t) all their feed rolls interconnected or with (c) all the twisting elements and feed rolls interconnected and driven from a common source.

The actual operation of twisting has been effected in many different classes of machine,

such for example as ring spinners, cup spinn ers, flier frames and so Aforth but in all cases the material has been transferred by feed rolls, draw-off rolls or otherwise from one bobbin, cup or other element constituting means for .holding the material to another bobbin, cup or other element constituting means for receiving the material the twist being imparted to the material duringl such transfer in order that it may be uniformly distributed over a long length of material or in other words in order that the operation may be continuous so long as the inaterial to be twisted lasts. T he traverse mechanism 'for evenly laying the material in these machines performs a subsidiary function of only secondary importance as compared with the primary operative function of continuously twisting the material; as a rule, however, the traverse mechanism has been operated from a common source throughout the machine and in the present invention this fean ture is preferably retained. The large amount of gearing inherent in. the design of such machines has been one of the prime factors involved in limiting their working speed to the SOO() or 9000 revolutions a minute practicable at the present time and it is the main object of thev present invention to increase the working speeds and to render speeds as high as 20,00() revolutions a n'iinute or upward practicable.

To this end the present invention consists broadly in a machine of the type indicated divided into a plurality of continuously operating twisting units mechanically inde pendent 'from one another as regards their operative action.

Each unit in the improved machines preferably includes only a single spindle or other twisting element but as will be described hereinafter each unit may comprise a small number of interconnected spindles or the like forming a group.

Other important advantages apart from the possibility of increased speeds accruing `from the mechanical independence of the units are that where as in certain of the spe ciiic examples to be described cach individual twisting element is provided with its own driving motor and connected by a driving connection to its threadtransferring means (c. g. Vfeed rolls or draw-off rolls) variations in speed of the different motors do not affect the uniformity of the resultant twist since although the twisting element proper concerned makes more (or less) revolutions in a given time, the length of material transferred is greater (or less) in precisely the same proportion; moreover, if a thread breaks in such forms of the invention, the particular unit in question can be stopped as a whole and less waste results.

Referring now to the accompanying drawings which illustrate the invention and form part of the specification:-Figure l shows an end view partly in section of a form of doubling machine for twisting by rotating the unwinding bobbins, Fig. 2 being a corresponding sectional plan of the longitudinal passages through which working fluid is led to and from the turbines and Fig. 3 a view in detail showing the gearing between the main and draw-olf spindles. Fi g. 1f is a detail view showing the bobbin surrounded by an anti- `ballooning' cup. Fig. 5 is a view of a selfbalancing cup flexibly supported, Fig. 6 showing an example of group driving. Figs. 7 and 8 show 'forms of spinning cups with devices for preventing the material from slipping. Figs. 9 and l0 show elevations of a device fer simultanemisly varying the lfeed to a set of spindles, while Figs. 1l to le show forms of breaking mechanism.

When desirable the same reference symbols are used in the different drawings to denote corresponding parts.

I wish it to be understood that the drawings accompanying and forming part of this specication are ol' a diagrammatic nature and are not intended to give such working details as are common knowledge to those skilled in the art.

In carrying the invention into etl'ect according to one form as applied to a machine in which the material, a, is twisted while being drawn-ell from bobbins, t, on which it has been previously wound, the spindle oi' each bobbin is provided with turbine, r, and also with a worm, G8, gearing into a worm wheel, 69, on the shaft, 70, (see Figs. l, 2 and 3). This shalt, 70, carries a roll, c, which acts in conjunction with the receiving bobbin, d, to draw-oli' the material from the holding bobbin, 7c, b y way of the guide eye, c, rolls, f, and damping trough., t. An additional roll, 22, serves to keep the rolls, c and d, in operative engagement. The machine thus comprises a series of mechanically independent units each acting to perform the essential operation oll continuous twisting or in other words each acting continuously to transfer brous material from suitable holding means to suitable receiving means and to twist it during such transfer.

Turning now to the structural details and functioning of the framework or base which serves to support the units, the driving medium (which may be a light hydrocarbon oil such as parallin) passes under pressure by way of the longitudinal channels, 54, to the nozzles, 13, and is drawn oil" through the tail race, 55, these various parts forming part of the box girder or casing, 56. The arrangement of the turbines and gearing within this casing allows the lubrication to be automatically eilected by the driving medium itself. Where the high speed. spindle, l), passes out of the casing, it is fitted with a multiple plate oil baille, consisting of plates, 57, attached to the spindle and loose plates, 58, sitting in stepped recesses in the main casing and forming the standing part of the battle, with this arrangement the plates, 58, can be lifted out together with the spindle and plates, 57, which are fixed thereon. Cover plates, 59, may be used if desired in connection with the inlet channels, 54,to allow of access to the nozzles, 13, during manufacture or subsequentl The parts of the machine so far as described are sufficient theoretically to enable it to perform its essential operative action of continuous twisting, practically, however, it is necessary to provide some form of traverse means for performing the subsidiary function of evenly laying the twisted material on the receiving bobbin. An example of such mechanism is shown in Fig. 1. A shaft, sactuated from a separate motor or from a line shaft operates a heart'- shaped cam, t, this cam as it revolves causing the pivoted rods, u, through the medium of the links, o, to oscillate backward and forward; the yarn passing through eyes, w, or guides carried by the rods, u, is thus guided on to the bobbin, ci', in the uniform manner required.

lt will be obvious that the details of a machine with separate twisting units may diller widely from those described above without departing from the spirit of my invention. Certain examples of such modifications will now be described. Thus in order to prevent or minimize ballooning, l may surround the bobbin, a, from which the material is drawn by a cup, i, which should be clear of the bobbin in its fully wound condition. The cup, i, which at its lower end is carried by the spindle, may be fitted with a lid, 7c, having a hole, m, in it of considerably less diameter than the inside of the lid. The spindle is shown as mounted in a well-known form of bearing having concentric sleeves, n, the film of lubricant between these sleeves providing suiiicient side-play to allow the spindle to run true at high speed. When the bobbin on its spindle according to this device is revolved at high speed for the pur pose of twisting the material, centrifugal force acts to throw or'lI the outside or last turn against the inside of the-cup, i, or the lid, 7c, the part concerned thus forming an anti-ballooning device, while the material is drawn oil from the top of the lid close to the axis of revolution by the draw off rolls. Again instead of drawing the material from a bebbin such as e, mounted on a spindle, .l may draw it out of a cup such as fr (see Fig. 5) in which it has been previously deposited by any suitable means. W hen the material is drawn through a lid, 9, on the cup, a method of working which is useful to `arevent excessive ballooning or whipping of the yarn, the lid, 9, may be loosely slipped on to the cup and iixed by means of centrifugal action to the edge of the cup, which may be suitably provided with slits, 10, as shown to produce this effect.

rThe cup, x, is preferably formed by drawing or metal-spinning out of thin sheet metal and. may be mounted on a spindle pro vided with an outer sleeve, e, or the like on which a friction wheel, 2, is mounted; this wheel, 2, may be driven from a second wheel, 3, on the spindle of which a turbine may be arranged. The sleeve, e, passes outside a fixed. hollow element, 4, while a sleeve, 5, fitted on the spindle and provided with a spherical enlargement, 6, passes within the hollow element. rThe weight of the spindle and attached parts is taken by a footstep bearing, consisting according to one convenient form of a block or plug, 7, secured by any suitable means in the bottom of the bearing member, 5, which itself is yieldingly supported by the spring, 8, one end of which is suitabl fxed to the hollow element, 4, the other enc being attached to the bearing member itself- The cup is thus flexibly sup orted in a bearing which can adjust` itse'f at high speeds until the axis of rotation passes through its center of mass in accordance with well-known principles and this fact taken in conjunction with the continuous periphery of the cu 3 itself renders this inodi'hcation very suita' le for applica'- tion to a separate unit machine.

As shown diagrammatieally in Fig. 6, the one friction wheel, 3, may transmit power to a plurality of spindles having friction wheels, 2, arranged circumferentially around it; such a small group of spindles forming a unit be substituted for the units each consisting of a single spindle shown in Fig. 1, which latter arrangement, however, I find preferable in most cases.

In another known process of spinning according to which the material instead of being twisted while being drawn out of a cup, is twisted while being introduced into a cup, I may as shown in Fig. 7, form the inside of the cup with a corrugated surface, 52, or (see Fig. 8) I may provide the cup with a series of rings or shelves, 53, projecting into the cup or again the shelves themselves may receive any desired corrugations, serrations or projections such for instance as those indicated in the ngure In all cases the object of the projections is to enable the material to obtain a better' grip on the walls of the cup and so lessen the danger of the mass of material (held in place by the action of centrifugal force when the cup is rotating) collapsing if the cup is slowed down or sto ped.

INhen it is desired to vary t ie number of twists per unit length of material I transfer more or less yarn or doubling through the rolls in relation to the speed of the twisting element proper and I preferably arrange for making the necessary adjustments simultaneously throughout the different separate units of the machine. According to the device shown for this purpose in Figs. 9 and l0, I transmit the motion of each .high speed spindle, b, to the rolls, 8l., through the plain spur gearing, 82, and friction disks, 88 and 84. The small friction disk, 83, is splined on its shaft and may be varied in position by :means of the forlred lever, 85, the pins, 86, or the lilre in which engage with the groove, 87, in the enlarged boss, 88, of the friction wheel 83, the lever, 85, being mounted on. the shaft, 8S, and operated by the worm quadrant, 89, worin, 90, and handle, 91. The shaft, 88a, carries a number of levers or the like corresponding to the spindles the feed to or drawofl from which are to be simultaneously varied and preferably runs the whole length of the spinning frame. The friction wheels operated as described thus lconstitute a series of variable speed gears for the different units the velocity ratios of which can be simultaneously and to a like extent varied as desired.

Finally I may provide means for braking each individual unit so that on a thread breaking, for example, the particular unit concerned may be stopped for piecing up purposes. Thus, Figs. 11 to 14 show the application of a suitable brake to, for example, an anti-ballooning cup of the type shown in Fig. a. It will be seen in Fig. 11 that the bobbin, a, is mounted on a spindle, Z), the brake straps, 92, acting on the lower part of the container, a', fixed to the spindle.

Referring now to the detail views, the flat brake straps, 92, are indicated as pivoted at 93 to any convenient fixed part of the ma chine the other ends of the brake straps are carried in a guide, 94, preferably provided with suitable notches, 95. Those parts of the brake straps beyond the guide in a direction away from the cup are made circular in cross section and pass through a plate, 96, in which inclined slots, 97, are provided. Any suitable handle or the like is attached to this plate so that it may be lowered and thus cause the ends of the brale straps to approach. A spring, 98, serves to return the plate and thereby to release the cup.

i Although I have described in considerable detail one example of a machine and cert-ain modifications of the same to which my invention is applicable, I nevertheless do not in tend such detail description to limit the scope of my invention, since, so far as I am aware uite apart from the structural details, I am t y1e first to divide a twisting machine of the type indicated into a number of units mechanically independent from one another as regards their essential operative action of continuous twisting and this feature I desire to claim as broadly as the law allows.

Other processes of twisting known in the textile arts as roving and sl'ubbing may also be carried out with apparatus embodying the princi :ile of division into separate units while not on y cotton but all other materials which require analogous treatment .may be dealt with in machines according to my invention.

I-Iaving now described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is :-u

l. In an apparatus for twisting fibrous material, a plurality of twisting units, each of said units including motor means and thread-transferring means serving said unit, the motor means and thread-transferring means of any one of said units being mechanically independent as regards its operative action from the motor means and threadtransferring means of any other of said units; together with means for supporting said units.

2. In an apparatus for twisting brous material, a plurality of twisting units, each ol said units including motor means and thread-transferring means serving said unit, the motor means and threarl-transferring means of any one of said units being mechanically independent as regards its operative action from the motor means and threadtransl'erring means of any other ol" said units and each of said units including also a driving connection between its motor means and threrid-transferring means; together with means for supporting` said units.

3. In an apparatus for twisting brous material, a plurality `of twisting units, each of said units including turbine means and threacl-transferring means serving said unit, the turbine means and threarl-transferring means of any one of said units being mechanically independent as regards its operative action from the turbine means and threadtransferring means of any other of said units; together with means for supporting said units.

4. In an apparatus for twisting 'fibrous material, a plurality of twisting units, each of said units including turbine means and threacl-transferring means serving said unit, the turbine means and tlneacl-transferring means of any one of said units being mechanically independent as regards its operative action from the turbine means and threadtransi'erring means ol any other of said units, and each of said units including also a driving connection between its turbine means and thread-transierring means; together with means for supportii'ig said units.

5. In an apparatus for twisting brous material, a plurality of twisting units, each of said units including a rotatable twisting element, motor means for driving said unit, and means for drawing-oil the material to be twisted from said rotatable twisting element, the motor and drawing-oit means of any one of said units being mechanically independent vas regards its operative action from the motor and drawing-oli means of any other of said units; together with means for supporting said units.

6. In an apparatus for twisting 'fibrous material, a plurality ol twisting units, each of said units including a rotatable twisting element, motor 'means for driving said unit and means for drawing-oil the material to be twisted from said rotatable twisting element, the motor and drawing-oli means of any one of said units being mechanically independent as regards its operative action from the vmotor and drawing-off means of any other of said units and each of said units including also a driving connection between its motor and drawing-eti means 5 together with means for supporting said units.

7. In an apparatus for twisting brous material, a plurality of twisting units, each of said units including motor means and thread-transierring means serving said unit, the motor means and threacl-transferring means of any one ol said units being mechanically independent as regards its operative action from the thread transferring vmeans ol! any other of said units and each of said units including also braking means; together with means i'or supporting said units.

8. In an apparatus lior twisting 'librous material, a plurality ol twisting units, each of said units including motor means and threarl-transferring means serving said unit, the motor means and threarl-transferring means of any one of said units being mech anically independent as regards its operative action from the motor means and threadtransferring means of any other of said units, and each of said units including also rotatable spinning elements and anti-ballooning devices; together with means for supporting said units.

9. In an apparatus for twisting 'fibrous material, a plurality of twisting units, each of said units including motor means and threacl-transferring means serving said unit, the motor means and threacl-transferring means of any one of said units being mechanically independent as regards its operative action `from the motor means and threadtransferring means of any other of said units and each of said units including also a rotatable spinning element having self-adjusting bearings; together with means for supporting said units.

10. In an apparatus for twisting 'fibrous material, a plurality of twisting units, each of said units including motor means and thread-transferring means serving said unit, the motor means and threftd-transferring means ol" any one ol said units being mechanically independent as regards its operative action from the 'motor means and threadtransferring means of any other of said units and each of said units including also a spinning chamber having a peripherally continuous portion; together with means for supporting said units.

1].. A twisting machine having a series of groups of twisting elements, each of said groups of elements including motor means and thread-transierring means serving said groups, the motor means and thread-transferring means of any of' said groups being mechanically independent as regards its operative action from the motor means and threarl-transferring lmeans of any other of said groups 5 together with means for supporting said groups.

12. In an apparatus i'or twisting 'Iibrous material, a plurality of continuously operating twisting units, each of said units ineluding means for holding 'fibrous material to be twisted, means for receiving fibrous material after being twisted and motor means serving said unit, said units being mechanicas regards their operative ally independent with means for supporting action, together said units.

13. In an apparatus for twisting fibrous material, a plurality of continuously operating twisting units each of said units including means for holding iibrous material to be twisted, means for receiving ibrous material aiter being twisted and motor means serving said unit, said units being mechanically independent as regards their' operative action; tog'ether with traverse means for laying' the twisted material and means for driving said traverse means, said driving means being common to a plurality of said units. i

14. In an apparatus for twisting `librous material, a plurality of continuously operating twisting units, each of said units including means for holding brous material to be twisted, means for receiving 'librous ma terial after being twisted, means ior maintaining a predetermined velocity ratio between said holding and said receiving means and motor means serving said unit, said elements included in any one of said units being mechanically independent as regards its operative action from said elements included in any other` of said units together with means for supporting said units.

15. In an apparatus for twisting fibrous material, a plurality oiI continuously operating twisting units, each of said units including means for holding fibrous material to be twisted, means for receiving iibrous material after being twisted, means for maintaining a predetermined velocity ratio between said holding and said receiving means and motor means serving said unit, said elements included in any one of said units being mechanically independent as regards its operative action from said element-s included in any other of said units; together with traverse means for laying the twisted material and means for driving said traverse means, said driving means being common to a plurality of said units.

16. In an apparatus for twisting iibrous material, a plurality of continuously operating twisting units each of said units including means for holding iibrous material to be twisted, means lor receiving iibrous material after being twisted and motor means serving said unit, said units being mechanically independent as regards their operative action; together with means ior simultaneously varying the number of twists per unit length of said material in a plurality of said units.

17. In a machine lor twisting fibrous material, the combination ol a plurality of continuously operating twisting units mechanically independent from one another as regards their operative action with means for simul taneously varying the number of twists per vvided with internal unit length oi said material in a plurality of said units.

18. In a machine for twisting librous material, the combination of a plurality of twisting units mechanically independent from one another as regards their operative action, each of said independent units acting to transfer said material from one part of said unit to another part and to twist said material during such transfer,l with means for supporting' said units.

19. In a twisting machine, a chamber proprojections to prevent collapse ofthe bobbin spun thereinto.

20. In an apparatus :for twisting fibrous material, a plurality ci' twisting units, each ol said units including motor means and threacl-transferring means serving said unit, the motor means and thread-transferring means of any one ot said units being mechanically independent as regards its oper* ative action from the motor means and thread-transl'erring means oi'I any other ol said units together with means i'or simultaneously varying the rate ol transfer in all said units.

21. In an apparatus for twisting librous material, a plurality oi twisting units, each of said units including motor means and thread-transferring means serving said unit, the motor means and thread-transier-ring means of any one of said units being mechanically independent as regards its operative action from the .motor means and threa(l-transl'erring means ol' any other ot' said units; and eacl'l ol' said units including also a driving connection between its motor means and thread-translerring means, said connection including a variable speed gear; together with means for simultaneously operating said gears in all said units.

22. A spinning chamber having internal shelves.

23. A bottomed spinning internal shelves.

24. A spinning chamber indented shelves. i

25. A bottomed spinning chamber having internal indented shelves.

26. A spinning chamber ridged shelves.

27. A bottomed spinning internal ridged shelves.

28. A spinning chamber having internal shelves concentrically ridged.

29. A bottomed spinning chamber having internal shelves concentrically ridged.

30. A spinning chamber having internal shelves coneentrically corrugated.-

31. A bottomed Y internal shelves coneentrically corrugated.

32. A s iiinning chamber having' internal shelves with relatively raised and depressed chamber having having internal having internal chamber having portion.

33. A bottomed spinning' chamber having spinning chamber having internal shelves with relatively raised and depressed portion.

34. In an apparatus for twisting i'ibrous material, a plurality oi' twisting units, each of said units including motor means and thread-transferring means serving said unit, the meter means and thread-transferring means oi' any one el' said units being mei clianically independent as regards its operative action from the motor means and thread-transferring means ol' any other oi' said units 5 together with traverse means 'for evenly laying the twisted material and means i'or driving said traverse means, said driving means being common to a plurality oi' said units.

35. in an apparatus for twisting 'librous material, a plurality of twisting units, each oll said units including niotor means and thread-translerring means serving said unit, the motor means and tlirearl-transferring means ol any one oi' said units being inecliaiiically independent as regards its operative action 'from the motor means and thread-transferring means oi any other of said units, each oi said units including also driving connection between its motor means and thread-transferring means; together withI traverse means 'l'or evenly laying the twisting material and means for driving said traverse means, said driving means being common. to a plurality olI said units.

36. A twisting machine having` a series ol groups, each composed ol' interconnected twisting elements, each ol' said groups iiicluding motor means and tliread-traiisferring means serving said group, the motor means and thread-transferring means oi any one of said groups being mechanically independent as regards its operative action l'roin the motor means and thread-transferring means o'l any other ol' said groups 3 together with traverse means l'or evenlyT laying the twisted material and means vfor driving said traverse means, said driving means being common to a plurality oi said groups.

37. 1n an apparatus for twisting llibi'ous material, a plurality of twisting units, each of said units including means for holding hbious material to be twisted, means lor receiving Afibrous materialr altei being twisted, a driving connection between. said holding and receiving means and motor means serving said unit, said elements included in any one of said units being mechanically independent as regards its operative action lrom said elements included in any other of said units; together with means for supporting said units.

38. 1n an apparatus for twisting iibrous material, a plurality of twisting units, each of said units including means lor holding fibrous material to be twisted, means for receiving fibrous material after being twisted,

and receiving means and turbine means serving said unit, said elements included in any one of said units being mechanically independent as regards its operative action from the corresponding elements included in any other of said units, together with means for supporting said units.

39. ln an apparatus for twisting 'fibrous material, a plurality of twisting units, each oi said units including means ior holding fibrous material to be twisted, means for receiving 'fibrous material after being twisted, a driving connection between saidholding and receiving means and motor means serving said unit, said elements included in any one of said units being mechanically independent as regards its operative action from said elements included in any other of said units; together with traverse means for evenly laying the twisted material and means for driving said traverse means, said driving means being common to a plurality ot said units.

40.' 1n an apparatus ier twisting fibrous material, aplurality of twisting units, each of said units including means for holding fibrous material to be twisted, means for receiving fibrous material after being twisted, a driving connection between said holding and receiving means and turbine means serving said unit, said elements included in any one oi said units being mechanically independent as regards its operative action from. the corresponding elements included in any other of' said units; together with traverse means for evenly laying the twisted material and means for driving said traverse means, said driving means being common to a plurality of said units.

41. A twisting machine having a series of groups of twisting elements, each ol said groups of elements including means for holding fibrous material, means for receiving fibrous material after being twisted, a diiving connection between said holding and receiving means and motor means serving said group, said elements included in any one of said. groups being mechanically independent as regards its operative action from said ele- ,ments included in any other ollsaid groups; together with means lor supporting said groups,

42. A twisting` machine having a series of groups of twisting elements, each of said groups of elements including means for holding iibrous material, means for receiving A[ibrous material after being twisted, a driving connection between said holding and receiving means and motor means serving said group, said elements included in any one of said groups being mechanically independent as regards its operative action from said elements included in any other of said groups;

a driving connection between said holding together with traverse means for evenly laying the twisted material and means for driving said traverse means, said driving means being common to a plurality of said units.

43. In a machine for twisting librous material, the combination of a plurality of twisting units mechanically independent from one another as regards their operative action, each of said units acting to transfer said material from one part of said unit to another part and to twist said material during such transfer; together with traverse means for laying the twisted material and means for driving said traverse means, said driving means being common to a plurality of said units.

44. In an apparatus for twisting iibrous material, a plurality of twisting units, each ol said units including motor means and thread friction-roll means serving said unit, the motor means and thread friction-roll means olt any one of said units being me clianically independent as regards its operative action from the motor means and thread friction-roll means of any other of said units; together with means for supporting' said units.

45. In an apparatus for twisting iibrous material, a plurality of twisting units, each of said units including motor means and thread friction-roll means serving' said unit7 the motor means and thread f1iction1oll means of any one oi said units being mechanically independent as regards its operative action from the motor means and thread frictioneroll means of any other of said units and each of said units including also a driving connection between its motor means and thread friction-roll means; together with means for supporting said units.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand inpresence of two Witnesses.

SEBASTIAN ZIANI DE FERRANTI.

Witnesses ALBERT E. PARKER, R. SMITH. 

